Of the 11,000 British soldiers present for the French surrender of Montreal in 1760, 6,500 were colonials from every colony north of Pennsylvania. After nearly seven decades of warfare they looked to the newly acquired lands west of the Appalachian Mountains as their reward.
After the Seven Years War, Britain gained control of formerly French territory as a result of the Treaty of Paris. …the Indian uprising known as Pontiac’s War. Colonists also flouted the Proclamation line with wild abandon; Frustrated frontier people created the Regulator movement to fight unfair taxes and unresponsive, elitist governments. These and other demonstrations of military skill and numerical strength prompted King George III’s ministers to issue the Proclamation of 1763, one of the most important documents in Native American legal…. Violence in Pennsylvania against Native Americans continued for weeks and only ended with promises from Benjamin Franklin to protect and defend frontier land claims. The war proved that coercion was not an effective strategy for imperial control, though the British government would continue to employ this strategy to consolidate their power in North America, most notably through the various Acts imposed on their colonies.
In 1754, Benjamin Franklin suggested a plan of union to coordinate colonial defenses on a continental scale. 1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. With the conclusion of Pontiac’s War, the British government wanted to prevent future conflicts between British colonists and Native Americans. Most of the Native people had formed economic and political ties with the French and saw the conclusion of the French and Indian War as disruptive to their way of life and even their very existence. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1761, a Native American prophet named Neolin was inspired by a religious vision to ask Native people to give up alcohol, polygamy, and materialism and return to their traditional ways. Blaming Amherst for the crisis, the crown recalled him in disgrace. News of the siege quickly spread throughout Indian country and inspired more attacks on British forts and settlers. Whereas the French had maintained a peaceful and relatively equal relationship with their Indian allies through trade, the British hoped to profit from and impose “order.” For example, the French often engaged in the Indian practice of diplomatic gift giving. These attacks appear not to have been coordinated by Pontiac; instead angry and frustrated Native people used the news of Pontiac’s attack on Fort Detroit as inspiration for their own uprisings. Coinciding with the end of the Seven Year’s War, the effects of Pontiac’s War were substantial and widespread.
Peace was not the result. Pontiac’s War, or Pontiac’s Rebellion, began in the Great Lakes region of North America in 1763.
In June, a coalition of Ottawas and Ojibwes captured Fort Michilimackinac by staging a game of stickball (lacrosse) outside the fort.
U.S. History reading for 18 years as a reader, a table leader, the DBQ question leader, and currently as an exam leader. Library of Congress. The French and Indian War had been a clash between the French and British empires for control of North America.
Consumption and trade, an important bond between Britain and the colonies, was being threatened. In Native American: The French and Indian War (1754–63) and Pontiac’s War (1763–64) …conflict that became known as Pontiac’s War (1763–64), the native coalition captured several English forts near the Great Lakes.
Britain wanted to recoup some of its expenses and looked to the colonies to share the costs of their own security. In May, Native Americans captured Forts Sandusky, Saint Joseph, and Miami. Pontiac’s War is one of many examples of a serious clash of cultures between Native people and European colonists. The Seven Years’ War pushed the thirteen American colonies closer together politically and culturally than ever before. To do this, Parliament started legislating over all the colonies in a way rarely done before. Pontiac militarily led many different tribes of people in an effort to defend their land from dismissive and demeaning British policies. The French immigrant Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crèvecoeur articulated this discontent most clearly in his 1782 Letters from an American Farmer when he asked, “What then is the American, this new man?” In other words, why did colonists start thinking of themselves as Americans, not Britons?
The British argued that the Proclamation of 1763 would keep both colonists and Native people safe while the British would maintain troops stationed on the frontier as an additional measure of security.
Therefore, what is commonly called “Pontiac’s War” or “Pontiac’s Rebellion” was not quite a unified act of Native American aggression led by one man against the British, but rather a series of skirmishes across a wide area of the Northwest where Pontiac was just one of many Native leaders. American colonists rejoiced in their collective victory as a millennial moment of newfound peace and prosperity. At its height, the pan-Indian uprising included native peoples from the territory between the Great Lakes, Appalachians, and the Mississippi River. This transfer of power to the British created resentment and concern among the numerous tribes of Native Americans who lived in this territory.
Pontiac took Neolin’s words to heart and sparked the beginning of what would become known as Pontiac’s War against British soldiers, traders, and settlers.
In western Pennsylvania, a vigilante group called the Paxton Boys felt their government was not doing enough to protect them from Native American threats of violence.
They chased the ball into the fort, gathered arms that had been smuggled in by a group of Native American women, and killed almost half of the fort’s British soldiers.
Pontiac took Neolin’s words to heart and sparked the beginning of what would become known as Pontiac’s War against British soldiers, traders, and settlers. Additionally, Native Americans accused British traders of defrauding them in the sales of rum, blankets, and fishing tools while the British soldiers who occupied military forts in the Northwest would overhunt and overfish. Cries of “no taxation without representation” would soon ripple across the colonies. New Englanders poured into the Green Mountains, New Yorkers moved into Mohawk territory, and hundreds of immigrants began clearing land in what would eventually become Tennessee. When Delaware people attacked Fort Pitt, General Amherst ordered retaliation in the form of blankets used at Fort Pitt in treating smallpox patients. The new commander, Thomas Gage, followed the conciliatory advice of the crown’s northern superintendent for Indian affairs, Sir William Johnson, who understood that diplomacy was cheaper than war.
Crèvecoeur suggested that America was a melting pot of self-reliant individual landholders, fiercely independent in pursuit of their own interests, and free from the burdens of European class systems.
Britain spent over £140 million, an astronomical figure for the day. The policy changes Britain introduced because of Pontiac’s War, such as the Proclamation of 1763, laid the groundwork for what would become the American Revolution. At the conclusion of the fighting, Britain acknowledged the need to keep colonists off of Native American lands and attempted to maintain peace through the Proclamation of 1763.
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